Accepted Panels

Optimal glycoregulation is crucial to minimize adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes attributable to hyperglycaemia (HAPO, 2012).Blood plasma concentrations levels, diagnostic of overt diabetes is recently endorsed for primarily second trimester, which will also be predictive at the third trimester. However, physiological changes due to pregnancy naturally leads to a drop in first trimester glycemia to meet the gestational metabolic needs, much lower than among non-pregnant controls (Nielsen, L. 2004). Pregnancy-specific thresholds for first trimester glycemia may need to be established. Higher peri-conceptional blood plasma levels are significantly associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes (Murphy, HR et al. 2011) and decreased beta cell function in late pregnancy (Bozkurt, Latife et al. 2020). In later trimesters, elevated HbA1c levels are significant predictors of pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery and perinatal death and excessive fetal growth (Damm, Peter et al. 2014). The aim of this review is to comprehend trimester specific role of maternal glycemia during early pregnancy on predicting adverse maternal and child outcomes.