The influence of education on human civilization is significant and has evolved tremendously over time with developing technologies. Since there was no formal education system, there were numerous methods to learn in tribal societies. This paper compares traditional and modern ways of learning in tribal societies, specifically focusing on the youth dormitories (Morung) tradition in India's north-eastern region. This time-honored custom serves as a reminder of the dormitory duty, as well as providing a platform for community governance, decision-making, and planning celebrations and feasts. The prime objective of this study was to figure out the disparity between the formal and informal educational system and to evaluate primary students learning level. For this research, primary data was collected from the Mon District in Nagaland, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The continuity and change paradigm were used for analysis. Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with elderly people to gather traditional knowledge on education. In addition, a self-made questionnaire based on the ASER report was administered to 250 Class 5 students, to collect quantitative data. A total of 9 schools, comprising both private and government institutions, were surveyed, with most students hailing from rural areas. Basic demographic questions were asked, and reading and mathematics assessments were used to gauge their learning levels. Of the 250 students, around 200 were able to correctly read a poem, whereas only 50 attempted the mathematics test and just 10 solved it correctly. Results suggest that traditional education imparted through Morungs has declined, modern education is ineffective, and even private institutions are in poor condition. The students' performance is below average, with more than 70% unable to apply what they have learned.
