Open burning of surplus crop residue is common in Asian countries which causes an array of deleterious outcomes from degrading soil ecological health to affecting human health and safety. These Crop residues are crucial for maintaining soil and agronomic productivity, addressing climate change, and restoring ecological resilience. These residues supply valuable organic matter to the soil, enhancing its fertility and structure. They also play a significant role in preventing soil erosion and improving water retention, supporting sustainable farming methods. Additionally, crop residues act as a carbon sink, capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide, thus aiding in climate change mitigation. Moreover, their incorporation enhances biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and overall ecological equilibrium, making them indispensable for sustainable agriculture practices. The study was conducted to assess the farmers’ understanding of the role of crop residues in sustaining soil and agronomic productivity, mitigating climate change, and restoring ecological resilience. Elucidating the factors, impacts, and perceptions of farmers, fifty respondents have been selected from the Dalilpur and Kastodanga villages of Nadia district by systematic random sampling for the study. The responses were collected through a structured interview schedule. The study envisaged that the communication variable and mean distance between two land fragments variables have been found to exert strong and determining contribution to the crop residue left in the field. To achieve agricultural sustainability and combat global climate change and vulnerability, it is imperative to explore the ecological role played by crop residue under the conservation agriculture systems and inculcate proper cognitive acceptance of the retention of crop residue in fields among farmers to accomplish the core objectives of conservation agriculture at the farm level.
