This is an era of unstable ecology and fragile environment; a sustainable cultivation approach is gaining gradual importance in place of conventional input-intensive agricultural production systems along with non-judicious use of agrochemicals and irrigated water. The impact of global warming has significant consequences for agricultural production and trade of developing countries as well as an increased risk of hunger. Thus, end of hunger, achieving food security is at the heart of the sustainable development goals. Agro-ecosystems permanently interact with disturbances of natural and anthropogenic origin, i.e. the occurrence of adverse weather events, public policies, market fluctuations, community organizations etc. Resilience here is defined as the capacity of social, economic and ecosystems to cope with a hazardous event or trend or disturbance, responding or reorganizing in ways that maintain their essential function, identity and structure as well as biodiversity in case of ecosystems while also maintaining the capacity for adaptation, learning and transformation. Agro-ecology is a holistic approach to food production through using ecological methods, which also addressing the health, social and economic dimensions of the food system. It operates at the field, farm and food system levels. In 2015- 2016 conservation agriculture was adopted on about 180 MHA of cropland, about 12.5% of the total global cropland, i.e. 69% more than 2008-2009 in the world. Resilience is a positive attribute when it maintains such a capacity for adaptation, learning, and/or transformation. Assessing sustainability in the context of complex systems in the changing world requires a shift in thinking and perspective. Resilience represents such a shift in thinking and is described as a change from “fail-safe to safe-to-fail” for sustainability management. Therefore, a key way to reduce the impacts of climate change on food security and nutrition is to reduce intrinsic vulnerabilities and increase resilience of food systems from agro-ecosystem.
