The Rajgir hills ranges consisted of Vipulagiri, Ratnagiri, Vaibhavgiri Hill, Sonagiri, and Udayagiri and their extended hills spanning over 40 km in length and located approximately 100 km away from Patna city in the Bihar state. This area not only a holds great historical and cultural significance but also served as an ideal habitation site during the Paleolithic period. These hills, composed of Quarzitic rock and surrounded by forests, provided the necessary raw materials for manufacturing stone tools, as well as an abundant supply of plants and animals for their subsistence. Recent field investigation carried out in the hills ranges brought to light evidence of 18 paleolithic localities. Paleolithic sites in the area are discovered in both open-air and cave context, with some sites containing well-preserved evidence of human habitations. Acheulian artifacts, such as handaxes, cleavers, points, scrapers, flakes, and debitage, have been discovered from more than dozen localities in various contexts within the hilltops, hillslopes, foothills, and alongside the river and nala gravels. The Middle Paleolithic artifacts are often found in cluster with small flake tools, core and small flake debitage. However any evidence of microliths has not been been came across during explorations of the area. Explorations in the hills also yielded some evidence of rock paintings belongs to late periods.
