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Every tribal groups have their own indigenous knowledge. It gives them a unique cultural identity. Indigenous knowledge belongs to some kind of cognition. The cognitive knowledge has to offer a concern not only with knowledge but also with knowing insight into the relation of language and thought and a corrective for the assumption of universality in cognitive process. The main concern of cognitive study is to explain the mental representation and processes that make up cultural content. The objective of this paper is to explore how indigenous knowledge system among the Birjia are helpful in environment conservation by achieving sustainability. This study tries to analyze on how knowledge is structured, where knowledge is sought and how it is represented. All together this paper will focus on perception, categorization and memorization of the knowledge. The population of the tribe is known to be endangered and their language is on the verge of extinction. Therefore, this paper tries to document the indigenous knowledge system of environmental conservation and sustainability by their cultural cognition of such endangered tribal group.