A wide variety of nomadic peoples have lived in monsoon Asia, including hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, farmers, sea and river nomads, and traders, many of whom have now become settled under the modernization policies of their respective countries. On the other hand, there are also people who continue to move camps based on their home settlements. For example, there are people who raise buffaloes, pigs, ducks, sheep, and cattle, and people engaged in hunting and gathering forest products. The purpose of this study is to establish a framework for understanding how nomadic pastoralists, hunter-gatherers, and fishermen have migrated and how they have become increasingly settled in the region, as well as to understand nomadic peoples as a whole in monsoon Asia. Specifically, we will focus on the Mlabri, hunter-gatherers in Thailand, and nomadic pigs and migratory herders living in the Bengal Delta of Bangladesh, which the authors have continued to survey and study. Through a comparison of these two groups, the migration characteristics of nomads in monsoon Asia and the process of their settlement and general relationship with neighboring groups will be clarified. The socio-cultural characteristics of nomads in monsoon Asia will then be understood from the perspective of nomadic studies around the world.
